Logeion | speculator

speculātor, ōris, m.: a lookout; scout, spy, 12.349. (speculor)

spĕcŭlātor (also written spĭcŭl-), ōris, m. [speculor], in milit. lang., a looker-out, spy, scout, explorer, éclaireur (syn. explorator).

I Lit.: speculator, quem mittimus ante, ut respiciat quae volumus, Varr. L. L. 6, § 82 Müll.: repentinus, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 63, § 164; Caes. B. G. 2, 11; 5, 49 fin.; Cic. N. D. 2, 56, 140; Sall. J. 101, 1; 106, 2; Liv. 3, 40, 13; 22, 33, 1; 28, 2, 2 al.—These scouts formed a special division in each legion, Auct. B. Hisp. 13; Tac. H. 1, 25; Inscr. Orell. 1222; 3518 al.—Under the emperors they were employed as special adjutants, messengers, and body-guards of a general, Suet. Calig. 44; Tac. H. 2, 73; Suet. Aug. 74; id. Claud. 35; id. Galb. 18; id. Oth. 5; Tac. H. 1, 24 Lips.; 2, 11; 2, 33; Sen. Ira, 1, 16, 15; id. Ben. 3, 25; Vulg. Marc. 6, 27 (where the Greek has also σπεκουλάτωρ) al. —
II Transf., in gen., a searcher, explorer, investigator, examiner: physicus, id est speculator venatorque naturae, Cic. N. D. 1, 30, 83; id. Div. in Caecil. 16, 51: ad has excipiendas voces speculator ex convivis Persei missus, Liv. 40, 7: Cleonis fuisse publice praepositos χαλαζοφύλακας, speculatores futurae grandinis, Sen. Q. N. 4, 6, 1: quo tu matutinus speculator amicae? Prop. 2, 29 (3, 27), 31: apes consumptis in proximo floribus speculatores ad pabula ulteriora mittunt, Plin. 11, 8, 8, § 19: Fabius cautā speculator mente futuri, Sil. 1, 679.

speculātor, ōris, m. (speculor), der Ausspäher, I) der Kundschafter, Ausspäher, Spion, im Kriege, a) v. Menschen, Caes., Cic. u.a. solche speculatores als besondere Abteilung jeder Legion, speculator de legione II. Pompeiana, Auct. b. Hisp.: um die Person des Feldherrn als Ordonnanz, Feldjäger, Leibwache, Auct. b. Afr., Suet. u.a.: als Scharfrichter, Henker, Sen. de ira 1, 18, 4; de ben. 3, 25: apud arbitrum speculatorem litigaturi, Tert. ad uxor. 2, 5 extr.: u. dafür (= Scharfrichter) spiculator, Vulg. Marc. 6, 27. Hieron. epist. 1, 8. Augustin. serm. 307, 1. Firm. math. 4, 4 u. 8, 26. – b) der Bienen, Plin. 11, 19. – II) der Erspäher, Forscher übh., sp. venatorque naturae, Cic.: speculatores futurae grandinis (griech. χαλαζοφύλακες), Sen.: sp. futuri, Sil. – ➳ synkop. speclātor, Corp. inscr. Lat. 10, 684. – III) der Hüter, Aufseher, Eccl.

1 speculator [CL] 1 (esp. mil.) scout, one sent (ahead) to observe or reconnoitre (enemy or territory), spy (also fig.). b one who observes or spies on the activities of another (in quot. fig.). c sentinel, lookout. d gatekeeper, guard. e one who watches or looks over, one who keeps an eye on (also fig.). f (for or as gl. on Sion). 754 gratias agimus, quod tam praeclarum ~orem caelestis bibliothecae tamque egregium Christi militem cum multis bene educatis ‥ discipulis gens Anglorum advena Brittania meruit ‥ emittere (Cuthb. Cantuar.) Ep. Bonif. 111; huc ‥ Balduinus perveniens ~ores misit qui situm loci et vires hostium renuntiarent W. Malm. GR IV 376; quod sequitur avertat Deus a nobis, qui ejus esse ~ores videmur Ad. Scot Serm. 340D. b quinque sensus qui sunt exteriorum ~ores Ps.-Ric. Anat. 24. c ~ores in Gabaa positos [cf. I Reg. xiv 16] multitudinem cernere prostratam Bede Sam. 586D; 747 ~oris est de loco editiori plus omnibus contemplari Bonif. Ep. 78; 797 quis hostibus succinctus in armis obstruit introitum si ~or in celso turris fastigio dormit? Alcuin Ep. 124; c798 ~ores in turre altissima constituti, providentes ‥ hostium adventum Ib. 288; inquisitus denuo ~or naves quatuor advenire ‥ exclamat W. Poit. II 7; duos ‥ servientes suos fideles constituit ~ores et exploratores ne Dani supervenirent ei H. Albus 80. d 1250 in turre: ‥ domus ~oris ‥ tota casa in terram CalIMisc I 91; reversi sunt ad civitatem secum nos ducentes, duobus custodibus sive ~oribus in navi dimissis S. Sim. Itin. 24; 1476 Willelmus committitur ~ori castri de N. in prisona ibidem remansurus (JustIt 1/754/3 m. 2) March. S. Wales 88 (cf. ib.: T. committitur janitori castri de N.). e 793 ~or quoque est in excelsissimo positus loco, unde et episcopus dicitur quasi superspeculator Alcuin Ep. 17; 1166 impii ‥ in facie ~orum descendunt in infernum viventes, ut a ~oribus, quia siluerunt, sanguis eorum jure et merito exquiratur J. Sal. Ep. 193 (187); ~or ‥ ille supremus ‥ cuncta cernens ‥ imaginem Filii sui ‥ super facinorosum cadere faciens ‥ clericum excerebravit Gir. GE I 34; intellectus est ‥ servator virtutum, speculator viciorum Bacon V 45 (cf. Quadr. Reg. Spec. 33: spretor viciorum). f Sion etenim specula sive ~or ‥ dicitur Bede Cant. 1127A. 2 (transf.): a one who looks closely (at), studies, researches, or investigates. b one who contemplates (in order to discern the will of God, cf. 1 speculari 2b). c (for episcopus) overseer, bishop; d (w. ref. to pope). e (mon.) brother who oversees (other brothers' behaviour etc.). a est et alia conceptio de qua tractabant naturarum ~ores, et maxime Ypocras J. Godard Ap. 258; post politicam naturalis philosophie factus est ~or W. Burley Vit. Phil. 2. b 747 apostolus episcopum, propheta ~orem [cf. Ezech. iii 17], salvator mundi pastorem aecclesiae sacerdotem appellat Bonif. Ep. 78; celestium ~or effectus, orando atque psallendo permansit (Brendanus 5) VSH I 100; qui ~or factus est, verba Dei populo narraturus, multo tempore debet quiescere et dolere ad ea quae videt Gascoigne Loci 58. c te nunc sancte speculator, / verbi Dei digne dator, / Hæddi, pie presul, precor Theod. Pen. (verse epil.) p. 203; litteris ‥ a ‥ Danielo Dei plebis ~ore acceptis Willib. Bonif. 5; 956 ego Ælfsinus Uuintaniensis [sic] aecclesiae divinus ~or proprium sigillum impressi CS 961; 1073 factus sum ‥ ~or multorum numeroque carentium populorum Lanfr. Ep. 1 (1); sacerdotes et ~ores, id est, doctores, consueverunt ecclesiam Dei scindere Ockham Dial. 499. d 1072 domino totius Christianae religionis summo ~ori A. papae Lanfr. Ep. 3 (4). e per ~ores mittentur sororibus [libri] cum opus habuerint, et hoc per fratrem fenestre, sed et hoc raro ‥ presente tamen summo ~ore Inst. Sempr. *xxxv. 3 (as holder of civic office) wait, minstrel. 1436 [the election of two waits] spiculatoribus [for a year at 40 s. and the delivery to them of two silver shields] (Minute Book) HMC (Beverley MSS) 105; 1448 quilibet dictorum spiculatorum habebit j scutum de communitate Ib. 120; dicti spiculatores habent j puerum loco dicti Symonis Ib. 121. 4 (her., as adj.) guardant. clypeus cyaneus leo ~or gradarius aureus Thracum symbolum sub altero magistro militum Spelman Asp. 119. 5 (w. ref. to Guillaume Durand, composer of the Speculum Judiciale) Speculator. b (Sc., leg., forma ~oris) draft formulation for expressing compromise, suggested procedure for achieving compromise. 1368 crismatorium rotundum quod fuit Guillelmi Durandi, ~oris (Test. Episc.) Reg. Exon. 1552; concordat ~or, titulo suo ‘De rescriptis’ Bad. Aur. 102; dictum illud ~oris est notissimum in titulo ‘De feud.’ Upton 42. b 1489 Jugis Arbitouris et amiabile Compo'itouris in basso et in alto in forma ~oris Acts of the Lords Auditors of Causes and Complaints 1465–1494 (1839) 142a; 1493 compromiserunt ‥ in uberiori forma compromissi in forma ~oris conficiendi Reg. Aberbr. II 275; 1495 in uberiori forma compromissi per dominum ~orem extensi (Decree arbitral) S. Macphail, History of the Religious House of Pluscardyn (1881) p. 232; elegerunt ‥ archiepiscopum ‥ in judicem arbitrum et amicabilem compositorem in forma ~oris amplissima extendenda Form. S. Andr. I 46.

2 speculator v. 2 spiculator

spĕcŭlātŏr, (10) ōris, m. (speculor), ¶ 1 observateur, espion : Varro L. 6, 82 ; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 164 ; Nat. 2, 140 || [mil.] pl., éclaireurs : Cæs. G. 2, 11, etc. || messager, courrier, garde du corps auprès du général : Tac. H. 2, 73 ; Suet. Aug. 74 ; Cal. 44 ; Claud. 35, etc. || garde : Sen. Ira 1, 18, 4 ; Ben. 3, 25 ¶ 2 observateur [des phénomènes] : Cic. Nat. 1, 82 ; Sen. Nat. 4, 6, 2.

speculātor, ōris m (speculor)

1. (in oorlog) spion, verkenner; ➤ per speculatores alqd cognoscere;
2. (postklass.) plur. soldaten met een speciale functie, o.a.: boodschappers, beulen en lijfwachten van een veldheer;
3. onderzoeker [naturae; futuri];
4. schildwacht; (eccl.) hoeder, bewaker.

speculator , oris. m.
探子。看守者。報信之兵。御前護兵。

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, Episcopus. Candidus in Vita S. Eigilis sæc. 4. Bened. part. 1. pag. 237 : Gaudebat quidem Speculator, quod Christum suscipere meruisset in hospite : Pater vero lætabatur, quod in ministro Christi vera Christi susceptio claruisset. Postquam vero se diversis utilitatibus mutuo roborassent, petita licentia pater Eigil a Pontifice benedictus, profectus est Fuldam. Glossar. vet. ex Cod. reg. 7613 : Speculator, in ecclesia præpositus dictus ex eo quod speculetur atque respiciat populorum intra se positorum mores et vitam. , Animadversio, observatio. Chart. Gunther. Episc. Spirens. ann. 1152. in Guden. Syllog. pag. 461 : Quia ex nostri officii Speculatione res nostrarum ecclesiarum distractas, colligere, etc.

, Ecclesiasticorum bonorum administrator, Advocatus. Capitulare 3. Caroli Magni incerti anni cap. 1 : Et postquam ipsæ precariæ finitæ fuerint, faciant potestative Speculatores Ecclesiæ utrum elegerint, ut aut ipsas res recipiant, aut posteris eorum sub precario et censu habere permittant.

, Testis oculatus, in Charta ann. 1054. laudata a Mabillonio tom. 4. Annal. Bened. pag. 548. Vide Videntes.

, Carnifex, tortor. Glossæ Antiquæ MSS. : Speculator, carnifex. Glossæ Lat. Gr. : Speculator, ἐπόπτης, κατάσκοπος, δήμιος. Mox : Speculatus, κατάσκοπος, καὶ ὁ ἀποκεφαλίζων. Ubi forte etiam legendum Speculator. Lexicon Gr. MS. Reg. Cod. 2062. Σπεκουλάτωρ, ὁ δήμιος. Firmicus lib. 8. cap. 26 : Speculatores faciet, qui nudato gladio hominum amputant cervices. Vita Bacchi junioris Martyris, edita a Combefisio pag. 114 : Αὐστηρότερόν τε τὸν σπεκουλάτορα ὑποβλεψάμενος, ἔφη, Τέμνε τρικατάρατε, etc. Cur autem ita Speculatores dicti sunt carnifices, multis disquirit Salmasius ad Spartianum. Adde præterea Cujacium lib. 6. Observat. cap. 33. Meursium in σπεκουλάτωρ, et Jacobum Gothofredum ad legem 16. Codicis Theodosiani de Cohortalibus. Forcellinum in Spiculator. Vide Speculatio.

speculātor ōris, m

speculor, a looker-out, spy, scout, explorer: undique speculatores citi sese ostendunt, S.: quem speculatorem quam legatum iudicari maluerunt: re per speculatores cognitā, Cs.: Carthaginiensis, L.—An explorer, inquirer, investigator, examiner: naturae: ad has excipiendas voces speculator missus, L.

Speculātor

A scout or spy, of whom a special division was attached to each legion in the Roman army (Tac. Hist. i. 25). Under the Empire the speculatores were a body-guard or corps of adjutants attached to the person of the emperor (Tac. Hist. ii. 73; Sueton. Calig. 44).

speculator

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