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δαίμων

δαίμων, δαίμων, δαίμονος, ὁ or ἡ, god, goddess, divine being

δαίμων, ονος, voc. δαίμων S. OC 1480 (lyr.), δαῖμον Theoc. 2.11, ὁ, ἡ,
  • god, goddess, of individual gods or goddesses, Il. 1.222, 3.420, etc.; δαίμονι ἶσος 5.438; ἐμίσγετο δαίμονι δαίμων, of Φιλίη and Νεῖκος, Emp. 59.1:—but more freq. of the Divine power (while θεός denotes a God in person), the Deity, cf. Od. 3.27; πρὸς δαίμονα against the Divine power, Il. 17.98; σὺν δαίμονι by its grace, 11.792; κατὰ δαίμονα, almost, = τύχῃ, by chance, Hdt. 1.111; τύχᾳ δαίμονος Pi. O. 8.67; ἄμαχος δ., i. e. Destiny, B. 15.23: in pl., ὅτι δαίμονες θέλωσιν, what the Gods ordain, Id. 16.117; ταῦτα δʼ ἐν τῷ δ. S. OC 1443; ἡ τύχη καὶ ὁ δ. Lys. 13.63, cf. Aeschin. 3.111; κατὰ δαίμονα καὶ συντυχίαν Ar. Av. 544.
      • 2 the power controlling the destiny of individuals: hence, oneʼs lot or fortune, στυγερὸς δέ οἱ ἔχραε δ. Od. 5.396, cf. 10.64; δαίμονος αἶσα κακή 11.61; δαίμονα δώσω I will deal thee fate, i.e. kill thee, Il. 8.166; freq. in Trag. of good or ill fortune, ὅταν ὁ δ. εὐροῇ A. Pers. 601; δ. ἀσινής Id. Ag. 1342 (lyr.); κοινός Id. Th. 812; γενναῖος πλὴν τοῦ δαίμονος S. OC 76; δαίμονος σκληρότης Antipho 3.3.4; τὸν οἴακα στρέφει δ. ἑκάστῳ Anaxandr. 4.6; personified as the good or evil genius of a family or person, δ. τῷ Πλεισθενιδῶν A. Ag. 1569, cf. S. OT 1194 (lyr.); ὁ ἑκάστου δ. Pl. Phd. 107d, cf. PMag.Lond. 121.505, Iamb. Myst. 9.1; ὁ δ. ὁ τὴν ἡμετέραν μοῖραν λελογχώς Lys. 2.78; ἅπαντι δ. ἀνδρὶ συμπαρίσταται εὐθὺς γενομένῳ μυσταγωγὸς τοῦ βίου Men. 16.2 D.; δ. ἀλάστορες Id. 8D.; ὁ μέγας [τοῦ Καίσαρος] δ. Plu. Caes. 69; ὁ σὸς δ. κακός ibid.; ὁ βασιλέως δ. Id. Art. 15; ἦθος ἀνθρώπῳ δ. Heraclit. 119; Ξενοκράτης φησὶ τὴν ψυχὴν ἑκάστου εἶναι δ. Arist. Top. 112a37.
    • II δαίμονες, οἱ, souls of men of the golden age, acting as tutelary deities, Hes. Op. 122, Thgn. 1348, Phoc. 15, Emp. 115.5, etc.; θεῶν, δ., ἡρώων, τῶν ἐν Ἅιδου Pl. R. 392a: less freq. in sg., δαίμονι δʼ οἷος ἔησθα τὸ ἐργάζεσθαι ἄμεινον Hes. Op. 314; τὸν τὲ δ. Δαρεῖον ἀγκαλεῖσθε, of the deified Darius, A. Pers. 620; νῦν δʼ ἐστὶ μάκαιρα δ., of Alcestis, E. Alc. 1003 (lyr.), cf. IG 12(5).305.5 (Paros): later, of departed souls, Luc. Luct. 24; δαίμοσιν εὐσεβέσιν, = Dis Manibus, IG 14.1683; so θεοὶ δ., ib. 938, al.: also, ghost, Paus. 6.6.8.
      • 2 generally, spiritual or semi-divine being inferior to the Gods, Plu. Def.orac. 2.415a, al., Sallust. 12, Dam. Pr. 183, etc.; esp. evil spirit, demon, Ev.Matt. 8.31, J. AJ 8.2.5; φαῦλοι δ. Alex.Aphr. Pr. 2.46; δαίμονος ἔσοδος εἰς τὸν ἄνθρωπον, Aret. SD 1.4; πρᾶξις ἐκβάλλουσα δαίμονας PMag.Par. 1227.
      • 3 ἀγαθὸς δ. the Good Genius to whom a toast was drunk after dinner, Ar. V. 525, Nicostr.Com. 20, D.S. 4.3, Plu. QConv. 2.655e, Philonid. ap. Ath. 15.675b, Paus. 9.39.5, IG 12(3).436 (Thera), etc.; of Nero, ἀ. δ. τῆς οἰκουμένης OGI 666.3; of the Nile, ἀ. δ. ποταμός ib. 672.7 (i A.D.); of the tutelary genius of individuals (supr. 1), ἀ. δ. Ποσειδωνίου SIG 1044.9 (Halic.): pl., δαίμονες ἀ., = Lat. Di Manes, SIG 1246 (Mylasa): Astrol., ἀγαθός, κακός δ., names of celestial κλῆροι, Paul.Al. N. 4, O. 1, etc. (Less correctly written Ἀγαθοδαίμων, q.v.).
  • B = δαήμων, knowing, δ. μάχης skilled in fight, Archil. 3.4. (Pl. Cra. 398b, suggests this as the orig. sense; while others would write δαήμονες in Archil., and get rid of this sense altogether; cf. however αἵμων. More probably the Root of δαίμων (deity) is δαίω to distribute destinies;; cf. Alcm. 48.)

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