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φθορά

φθορά, destruction, ruin, perdition

φθορ-ά, Ion. φθορή, ἡ, (φθείρω)
  • destruction, ruin, Hdt. 2.161, 7.18, Hp. Vict. 1.5, A. Ag. 406 (lyr.), etc.; of persons, death, esp. by some general visitation, as pestilence, Th. 2.47, Pl. Lg. 677a (pl.), GDI 5104c11 (Crete, pl.); ἀνδροθνῆτας Ἰλίου φθοράς A. Ag. 814.
        • b of animals, loss by death, PStrassb. 24.26,31 (ii A. D.).
      • 2 Philos., passing out of existence, ceasing to be, γενομένῳ παντὶ φ. ἐστι Pl. R. 546a; περὶ γενέσεως καὶ φθορᾶς Id. Phd. 95e, title of work by Arist., cf. Pl. Phlb. 55a, Arist. Ph. 229b13, Gal. 6.6; ἡ φ. μεταβολή τίς ἐστι τῶν φθειρομένων εἰς τοὐναντίον ἑκάστῳ Plu. Frig. 2.948f: pl., Pl. Phd. 96b, R. 490e, al.: with dat. (instrumental), ἡ μεγίστηφθορὰ ὕδασιν Id. Ti. 23c, cf. 22d.
      • 3 deterioration, εἰς καρπογονίαν in respect of . . Thphr. CP 5.8.2.
        • b loss by deterioration, ἐκφορίου . . ἀνυπολόγου πάο ης φθορᾶς PTeb. 105.3, 18 (ii B. C.); damage, ἐκτεῖσαι τὴν γεγονυῖαν ὑπʼ αὐτῶν τοῦ χόρτου . . φ. BGU 1824.29 (i B. C.); misspelt φθαρά ib. 1866.3 (i B. C.).
      • 4 seduction, ἐλευθέρων Lex ap. Aeschin. 1.12; παρθένων, γυναικῶν, Plu. QConv. 2.712c (pl.), Vett.Val. 2.37 (pl.), cf. Parth. 35.3, D.H. 2.25; rape, Str. 6.1.6.
      • 5 abortion or miscarriage, IG 2(2).1365.22, 1366.7, Sor. 1.56, Gal. 17(1).800; τοῦ ἐμβρύου Sor. 1.59.
      • 6 gradation of colours in painting, Plu. Glor.Ath. 2.346a; τὰς μίξεις τῶν χρωμάτων οἱ ζωγράφοι φθορὰς ὀνομάζουσι ib.QConv. 725c, cf. E apud Delph. 393c.
      • 7 = φθόη, Hp. Aph. 7.80.
      • 8 storm-tossings or shipwrecks, τί τοι λέγοιμʼ ἂν τὰς ἐν Αἰγαίῳ φθοράς; E. Hel. 766; cf. φθείρω II.4.

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