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χολή

χολή, gall, bile

χολή, ἡ,
  • gall, bile, Archil. 131, A. Ch. 184, E. Fr. 682, Th. 2.49, etc.; χ. μέλαινα black, i. e. diseased, bile, Hp. Aph. 4.23, Pl. Ti. 83c (but, = μελαγχολία, Men. Epit. 459); ξανθὴ χ. Hp. VM 19; πυρρά Gal. 15.658; χολὴν ἐμεῖν, βῆξαι, Nicopho 12, Herod. 3.70 (prob. l.): prov., πικρῷ πικρὰν κλύζουσι φαρμάκῳ χολήν S. Fr. 854; πικρότερʼ αὐτῆς τῆς χ. Alex. 16.12; χολῇ ἀλείφειν, prov. of giving one a disgust for a thing, from the custom of mothers putting gall to the nipple when the child was to be weaned, Diph. 74.
      • 2 pl. χολαί, gall-bladder, S. Ant. 1010; called δοχαὶ χολῆς, E. El. 828; also in sg., A. Pr. 495; χολὴν τῶν ζῴων τὰ μὲν ἔχει τὰ δʼ οὐκ ἔχει Arist. HA 506a20, cf. PA 677b11.
      • 3 metaph. (mostly in Poets) like χόλος (q. v.), bile, gall, i.e. bitter anger, wrath, Ar. Pax 66; ἢ γυναιξὶν οὐκ οἴει χολὴν ἐνεῖναι; Id. Lys. 465; οὐδεὶς χολὴν οὐδʼ ὀργὴν ἔχων φανήσεται D. 25.27; πάνυ ἐστʼ ἤδη χ. stirs my bile, makes me sick, Ar. Ra. 4; ἐπιζεῖ χ. the bile boils over, Id. Th. 468; χολὴν κινεῖν Id. V. 403, cf. Pherecr. 69.
    • II ink of the cuttle-fish, Nic. Al. 473, Th. 561.
    • III in LXX = Hebr. rôsh, a poisonous plant, variously called hemlock or poppy, LXX Ps. 68(69).22, Je. 8.14.
    • IV serpentʼs venom, χ. ἀσπίδος ib. Jb. 20.14; of the hydraʼs venom, Apollod. 2.5.2, D.S. 4.11.
    • V bitter drink, Ev.Matt. 27.34. (With χολή, χόλος, cf. Lat. fel, ONorse gall, etc., ‘bile, gallʼ:—prob. the name is derived from the colour of bile, and is cogn. with Lat. (h)olus, helvus, Germ. gelb ‘yellow’, perh. also χλόη.)

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