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Παιάν

Παιάν, paean

Παιάν, ᾶνος, ὁ, Ep. Παιήων, ονος, Att., Ion. Παιών, ῶνος (v. sub fin.), Aeol. Πάων, ονος, Sapph. 44.33 L.-P.:—Paean or Paeon, the physician of the gods, Il. 5.401, 899, cf. Pi. P. 4.270; Παιήονος γενέθλη, i.e. physicians, Od. 4.232.
      • 2 title of Apollo (later as epith., Ἀπόλλωνι Παιᾶνι BCH 11.94 (Hierocaesarea); ὦ βασιλεῦ Π. . . Ἄπολλον BMus.Inscr. 1151); ἰὴ Παιήονʼ ἄειδον h.Ap. 517, cf. Call. Hec. Fr. 260.10 Pf. [updated ref.] (in Id. Ap. 103 ἱὴ ἱὴ Παιήονʼ, ἵει βέλος an etym. from ἵημι may be suggested); ἰὴ Παιών GDI iv p.884 (Erythrae, iv B. C.); ἰήϊε Παιάν A. Ag. 146 (lyr.), S. OT 154 (lyr.); ἰὼ Παιάν Id. Tr. 221 (lyr.), Ar. Ach. 1212; ὦναξ Π. E. Alc. 220, etc.; τὸν Παίωνά (better Παιῶνά) τε καὶ τὰς Μούσας ἐπικαλούμενος Pl. Criti. 108c, cf. Lg. 664c, A. Ag. 1248; Πάονʼ ὀνκαλέοντες Sapph. l.c.; also of other gods, Ἀσκληπιὸς Παιών Ar. Pl. 636, cf. Pae.Erythr. 1; of Zeus at Rhodes, Hsch.; of Dionysus, Philod.Scarph. 5, al., Orph. H. 52.11; of Helios, ib. 8.12; of Pan, ib. 12.11.
      • 3 physician, healer, παιὼν γενοῦ τῆσδε μερίμνης A. Ag. 99 (anap.); παιῶνα κακῶν S. Ph. 168 (anap.).
        • b saviour, deliverer, ὦ θάνατε Παιάν A. Fr. 255.1, cf. E. Hipp. 1373 (anap.).
    • II παιάν, Ep. παιήων, Att., Ion. παιών, paean, i.e. choral song, addressed to Apollo or Artemis (the burden being ἰὴ or ἰὼ Παιάν, v. supr. I.2), in thanksgiving for deliverance from evil, μολπῇ θεὸν ἱλάσκοντο, καλὸν ἀείδοντες παιήονα Il. 1.473; Κρητῶν παιήονες h.Ap. 518; παιᾶνʼ ἐπευφήμησεν A. Fr. 350.4, cf. B. 15.8, Procl. ap. Phot. Bibl. p.320 B.: hence opp. θρῆνοι, A. Ch. 343 (anap.), cf. Sch. Ar. Pl. 636 (but v. infr. 4); addressed to other gods, as to Poseidon after an earthquake, X. HG 4.7.4.
      • 2 song of triumph after victory, prop. to Apollo, Il. 22.391 sq.; ἁλώσιμος π. A. Th. 635, etc.; also, battle-song, παιᾶνʼ ἐφύμνουν σεμνὸν Ἕλληνες Id. Pers. 393, cf. Lys. 2.38, X. Cyr. 4.1.6; addressed to Ares, Sch. Th. 1.50; ἐξάρχειν τὸν π. or τοῦ παιᾶνος, X. Cyr. 3.3.58, Plu. Rom. 16; π. ποιεῖσθαι X. HG 7.4.36.
      • 3 any solemn song or chant, esp. on beginning an undertaking, Th. 7.75 (pl.); π. γαμήλιος Ar. Th. 1035 (lyr.); τριτόσπονδος π. A. Ag. 247 (lyr.); ἔγχει κἀπιβόα τρίτον παιῶνα Pherecr. 131.5, cf. Antiph. 4, 85.5.
      • 4 by oxymoron, π. Ἐρινύων, π. τοῦ θανόντος, A. Ag. 645, Ch. 151; π. στυγνός, of a dirge, E. Tr. 126 (lyr.); παιᾶνα στενάζειν ib. 577; π. τῷ κάτωθεν θεῷ Id. Alc. 424.
    • III in Prosody, paeon, a foot consisting of 3 short and 1 long syll., _⏑⏑⏑, ⏑_⏑⏑, ⏑⏑_⏑, or ⏑⏑⏑_, Arist. Rh. 1409a2 (in form παιάν; later παιών), Heph. 3.3, etc.; also π. διάγυιος, the foot _⏑_, and π. ἐπιβατός, a foot of 5 long sylls., Aristid. Quint. 1.16.— Attic form: Παιών is used of the god in IG 1(2).310.229 (v B. C.), and in codd. of Att. Prose and Com.; παιάν is used of the song in IG 2(2).1338.19 (i B. C.), but this may be Hellenistic; codd. have παιών in Pherecr. 131.5, Ar. Th. 1035, Pl. Ion 534d, Lg. 700b, 700d, Ep. 348b (prob. also in Smp. 177a), παιάν in Antiph. 4, D. 19.338, Aeschin. 2.162, and freq. in X., HG ll. cc., al. (cf. παιωνίζω); the metrical foot is always παιών; the Ion. forms are παιών, Παιών, SIG 57.12 (Milet., v B. C.), GDI IV p.884 (Erythrae, iv B. C.):—Accentuation: Παιών (the pr. n.) An.Ox. 1.276; παιών (the song) Theognost. Can. 38, Eust. 138.10, 1109.11, Suid.; παίων is sts. found in codd., and Παίων (the god) is right acc. to Suid. Cf. παιανίζω, -ανισμός, παιωνίζω, -ωνισμός.

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