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πάθημα

πάθημα, anything that befals one, a suffering, calamity, misfortune

πᾰθ-ημα, ατος, τό, dat. pl. παθημάτοις Com.Adesp. 283 (Aetol. acc. to Eust. 279.42, 1761.36):—
  • that which befalls one, suffering, misfortune, S. Tr. 142, Th. 4.48, etc.; τὸ π. τοῦ Χριστοῦ the passion of Christ, 2 Ep.Cor. 1.5; of good fortune, χαῖρε παθὼν τὸ π. (deification) Orph. Fr. 32f: mostly in pl., Hdt. 8.136, etc.; παθήμαθʼ ἅπαθον S. OC 361; ἀκούσια π., opp. ἑκούσια καὶ ἐκ προνοίας ἀδικήματα, Antipho 1.27; τὰ δέ μοι π. μαθήματα γέγονε my sufferings have been my lessons (cf. πάθος I.2), Hdt. 1.207, cf. Ar. Th. 199, Pl. Smp. 222b.
    • II emotion or condition, affection, π. τῆς ψυχῆς εἶναι τὴν σωφροσύνην, οὐ μάθημα X. Cyr. 3.1.17, cf. Pl. Phd. 79d; opp. ποίημα, Id. Sph. 248b; τὸ τῆς ἑτέρας χειρὸς π. Plot. 4.9.2; but in early writers mostly in pl., affections, feelings, opp. ποιήματα, Pl. R. 437b; τὰ περὶ τὸ σῶμα π. Id. Phlb. 33d; ὅσα διὰ τοῦ σώματος π. ἐπὶ τὴν ψυχὴν τείνει Id. Tht. 186c; π. ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ γιγνόμενα Id. R. 511d; παθήμασιν ὑπηρετεῖν obey the feelings, Arist. Pol. 1254b24; opp. ἤθη, ἕξεις, Id. Rh. 1396b33, cf. Po. 1449b28.
      • 2 Medic., pl., troubles, symptoms, Hp. VM 2, Epid. 2.2.24; π. καὶ νοσήματα Pl. R. 439d, cf. 389c.
    • III in pl., incidents, happenings, τὰ ἐν . . Ὀδυσσείᾳ π. ib. 393b; πάντα εἴδη καὶ π. πολιτειῶν Id. Lg. 681d.
      • 2 incidents or changes of material bodies, τὰ οὐράνια π. Id. Ion 531c, cf. Phd. 98a; τὰ τῆς σελήνης π. Arist. Metaph. 982b16, cf. Mete. 363a24, 365a12.
      • 3 in Logic, incidents, properties, or accidents, Pl. Phdr. 271b, Prm. 141d, 157b, Arist. APo. 76b13, Cael. 310a20; τὰ π. τὰ αἰσθητά, of colour, etc., Id. Sens. 445b4.

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