Logeion | improvisus

hostis improvisus adest
an unforeseen enemy is present

imprōvīsus, a, um: (adj.), unforeseen; unlooked for, unexpected, 1.595.

imprōvīsus (inpr-), a, um, adj. [2. in-provisus],

not foreseen, unforeseen, unexpected (class.): sapienti nihil improvisum accidere potest, nihil inopinatum, nihil omnino novum, Cic. Tusc. 4, 15, 37; id. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 69; id. de Or. 1, 22, 103: unde iste amor tam improvisus ac tam repentinus? id. Agr. 2, 22, 60: cum tot bella subito atque improvisa nascantur, id. Font. 15, 32: mala, id. Tusc. 3, 14, 30: improvisior pestis, Tac. A. 2, 47: castella munita improviso adventu capta, Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 3: pericula, id. Mur. 27, 55: vis leti, Hor. C. 2, 13, 19: species, id. Ep. 1, 6, 11: pelagoque remenso Improvisi aderunt, Verg. A. 2, 182: cunctisque repente Improvisus ait, id. ib. 1, 595. —
II As subst.: imprōvīsum, i, n., that which is unforeseen, an emergency: dux sibi delectos retinuerat ad improvisa, Tac. H. 5, 16.—Mostly in abl., with de, adverbially, unexpectedly, suddenly: quasi de improviso respice ad eum, Ter. And. 417; cf. Trabea ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 31, 67; Cic. Rosc. Am. 52, 151; cf. also Caes. B. C. 2, 6, 3: de improviso, Ter. And. 360; id. Heaut. 281; id. Ad. 407; 610; id. Phorm. 884; Caes. B. G. 2, 3, 1; 5, 22, 1; 5, 39, 1; 6, 3, 1 et saep. — Less freq. with ex: ex improviso filiam inveni meam, Plaut. Rud. 4, 5, 2 (1192); Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 43, § 112.— Hence, adv., in two forms, imprōvīso (class.) and imprōvīsē (post-class.), on a sudden, unexpectedly: improviso filiam inveni (for which, shortly before: ex improviso filiam inveni), Plaut. Rud. 4, 5, 6 (1196): sane homini praeter opinionem improviso incidi, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 74, § 182: improviso eos in castra irrupisse, id. Div. 1, 24, 50: tantum adest boni improviso, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 44 (300): cum mihi nihil improviso evenisset, Cic. Rep. 1, 4; id. Att. 15, 1, A, 1: scalae improviso, subitusque apparuit ignis, Verg. A. 12, 576; 8, 524: improvise necans incautos morte suprema, Tert. poët. adv. Marc. 2, 12.

im-prōvīsus, a, um (in u. provideo), nicht vorausgesehen, unvermutet, res, Cic.: adventus, Cic.: cum hoc illi improvisum atque inopinatum accidisset, Cic.: improvisi aderunt, Verg.: quo improvisior graviorque pestis fuit, Tac. ann. 2, 47: quanto improvisior trepidatio eius est, tanto etc., Apul. de mund. 9. – neutr. subst., dux sibi delectos retinuerat ad improvisa, für unvorhergesehene Fälle, Tac. hist. 5, 16. – dah. de od. ex improviso, »unversehens, unvermutet, so wie von ungefähr«, Komik., Cic. u.a.

improvisus [CL] 1 appearing or occurring without warning, unexpected. b (de or ex ~o) without warning, unexpectedly. coluber ‥ ~us et venenosis morsibus nocet Lib. Monstr. III 17; egestas ‥ veniet quia ~a et subitanea Bede Prov. 960; ne inproviso mortis articulo praeventi inpaenitentes perirent Id. HE V 13; municipes sic ~o impetu preventi sunt Ord. Vit. XII 12 p. 341; subita et ~a morte ‥ occubuit Gir. TH II 53; furtim et inprovisi veniunt Map NC IV 7 f. 51; Offa ‥ subitus et ~us flumen raptim pertransiens V. II Off. f. 3; inprovisa Garl. Epith. VII 532 (v. encliticus a). b ex ~o [gl.: extimplo, unforwandedlice, subito] examen apium ora ‥ complevit Aldh. VirgP 26; ex ~o Asser Alf. 54 (v. ex 13c); quot peccata proruent ex ~o quasi ex insidiis Anselm (Medit. 1) III 77; velut oves ex ~o a lupis occupate stupefacti fiunt G. Mon. I 9; magis quidem delinquens quam qui de inproviso movetur, at conversus ad cor mox revertitur Pull. CM 202; ex inproviso Rome apparuit Boso V. Pont. 359; diabolum ‥ cum ‥ insultu potest ‥ ex inproviso [ME: unmundlunge] prosternere AncrR 104; ad cavenda pericula ex improvisu, assidua, et prope quotidiana vigilare oportet W. Burley Vit. Phil. 310. 2 taken unaware, not expecting, surprised; b (as p. ppl. in abl. absol.). puero in vitae desperatione aestuanti atque inproviso super bellico hostium apparatu ‥ Gildas EB 72; clam et repente lethali spiculo perforat inprovisum Map NC IV 7 f. 51; Gir. PI I 18 (v. desubitare); 1242 licet ~i et incauti ‥ obviam exierunt et ‥ eis viriliter restiterunt RGasc I 28; 1269 cum ‥ nos nuper ~i et absque deliberacione dixerimus quod ‥ Cl 54; Deo annuente, quasi †improviso [MSS: inprovisi] singillatim examinati, bene recognoverunt quod ipsi et antecessores sui fuerunt nativi ‥ monasterii nostri Meaux III 132; s1432 ibi predicavit ~us coram papa et toto consilio generali sumpto themate a papa in presencia omnium Herrison Abbr. Chr. 5. b s1263 barones ‥ ceperunt castrum Glovernie et alia plura castra et villas subito et rege ~o Chr. Clun. 102. 3 without foresight, unwise. b ill-considered. quod invitus vel inprovisus abjecerat, studuit revocare Gerv. Cant. AP 378; Elmh. Cant. 224 (v. 1 deliberatio c). b de ~o judicio saecularium Ælf. EC 38 tit.; tam veredictum predictum captum quam processus versus juratores factus ~a et vacua existunt Entries 552b. 4 not provided. 1313 ita quod per sui defectum seu negligenciam dicta vina non remaneant inprovisa RGasc IV 737; obiit ‥ abbas ‥ et ‥ dimisit debitum domus plus quam d libras, et monasterium de bladis quibuscunque inprovisum Meaux III 37.

imprōvīsus, (10) a, um (in, provideo), imprévu, qui arrive à lʼimproviste : Cic. Tusc. 4, 37 ; Agr. 2, 60 ; Mur. 55 || de improviso Cæs. G. 2, 3, 1 ; 5, 22, 1, etc. ; Cic. Amer. 151, ou ex improviso Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 112, à lʼimproviste || ad improvisa Tac. H. 5, 16, pour les cas imprévus.

im-prōvīsus, a, um onvoorzien, onvermoed [adventus]; — adv. (de, ex) imprōvīsō onverwachts, plotseling.

improvisus , a, um. adj. c.
忽然。未想不虞者。

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imprōvīsus (in-pr-) adj.

with comp, not foreseen, unforeseen, unexpected: malum, S.: sapienti nihil improvisum accidere potest: pupilli calamitas: adventus: vis leti, H.: Improvisi aderunt, V.: anguis, concealed, V.: quo improvisior pestis fuit, Ta.—As substn., in the phrases, de improviso and ex improviso, unexpectedly, on a sudden: Quasi de improviso respice ad eum, T.: accessit ex improviso aliud incommodum, Cs.: ecce ex inproviso Iugurtha, etc., S.

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