praeco

praeco, ōnis (old dat, PRAECONEI, Inscr. Lat. 202, 2, 34), m.,

• a crier, herald, in a court of justice, in popular assemblies, at auctions, at public spectacles, games, or processions, etc.: exsurge, praeco, fac populo audientiam, Enn. ap. Plaut. Poen. prol. 11 (Trag. v. 32 Vahl.); Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 30, § 76; id. Quint. 3, 11; Varr. L. L. 6, §§ 86 and 87 Müll.: haec per praeconem vendidit, Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 84: in eopse astas lapide, ut praeco praedicat, on the auctioneer's block, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 17 (815); cf.: ut praeco, ad merces turbam qui cogit emendas, Hor. A. P. 419; Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 8; Juv. 6, 439; 8, 95: indictivum funus, ad quod per praeconem evocabantur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 106 Müll.—
• II Transf., a publisher, herald: o fortunate adulescens, qui tuae virtutis Homerum praeconem inveneris! Cic. Arch. 10, 24.

praeco, ōnis, m. (aus *prae-dīco synkopiert), der Herold, Ausrufer, I) eig., als öffentlicher Diener, beim Gericht (die Parteien vorzurufen, die Urteile bekanntzumachen usw.), in den Komitien (das Volk zu berufen, Stillschweigen zu gebieten usw.), bei Schauspielen (dazu einzuladen, die Sieger öffentlich zu nennen usw.), Cic., Hor. u.a.: bei Leichenfeiern (die Teilnehmer einzuladen), Paul. ex Fest. 106, 13: bei Versteigerungen als Ausrufer, per praeconem vendere alqd, Cic.: fundum subicere praeconi, öffentlich feilbieten lassen, unter den Hammer bringen, Liv.: so auch bona civium voci subicere praeconis, Cic.: Cyprium regem cum bonis omnibus sub praeconem subicere, Cic.: victus vestitusque necessarius sub praeconem subiectus, Cic. – II) übtr., der Herold, Verkündiger = Lobredner, tuae virtutis, Cic. Arch. 24. – ➳ Archaist. Dat. Sing. praeconei, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 202. col. 2. lin. 34.

praeco [CL in sense 1] 1 one who makes public announcements or pronouncements, crier, herald. b one who hawks or cries goods for sale in a market place, hawker, (in pejorative sense) huckster. Joseph ‥ ~o primus denominatus est ante praecedens eum [sc. Pharaonem] Comm. Cant. I 205; jussit rex ~ones proclamare ‥ atque illis praeconantibus ‥ Byrht. V. Ecgwini 379; ~onibus, bydelum GlP 331; cujus digna laudum preconia vox ~onis non silebit Gir. TH III 50; rex ‥ ~onem vocavit et ait ei ‥ . perrexit nuncius ‥ G. Roman. 374; ~o proclamaturus edictum regis ascendit in altum, ut eminus audiatur; preco quicunque est quasi predicator proclamaturus edicta regis, id est, precepta Christi Holcot Wisd. 205; uxores eorum ‥ voce ~onis ‥ jubentur proscribi Plusc. IX 8.  b arrecto aurium auscultantur captu ‥ laudes ‥ propriae, ‥ furciferorum referto mendaciis ‥ ~onum ore ritu bacchantium concrepante Gildas EB 34; a crier in the merkett, ~o, preconizator CathA. 2 (transf. & fig.) herald (in quots. w. obj. gen.); b (of future event or occurrence); c (w. ref. to expounder of Christian faith or doctrine, usu. w. obj. gen.; cf. II Petr. ii 5); d (w. ref. to Christ). palpo turpissimus et preco turpium / linguam prostituit ob leve precium Walt. Wimb. Palpo 51; modo veri preco tacet, / modo mollis palpo placet, / modo dormit veritas Id. Van. 114 (cf. id. Scel. 60: veri preco pedem non portet regis)).  b in cruce vita Deus nos suscitat, hunc Heliseus; / rem monstratura preco fuit ante figura Vers. Worc. 102.  c o ~onem veritatis [sc. Guthlacum] ‥ Felix Guthl. 51 p. 162; verus summae lucis ~o omnibus praedicatur Augustinus Bede HE II 2; c794 ut per ejus dilectionem nobis inviolabilis permaneat fraternitas, cujus caritatem sicut sacerdos Dei summi, sicut tuba caelestis, sicut ~o salutis cunctorum ingerere cordibus studeas Alcuin Ep. 39; ex quo vox turturis audita est et ~o pudicitie Paulus consilium de virginitate dedit P. Blois Ep. 55. 168B; reges qui ~onem a se veritatis expulerant M. Par. Maj. I 266; ave crater cujus mustem / illum fidum, illum justum / Petrum debriaverat, / haustu cujus ausum nactus / novus verbi preco factus / in verba proruperat Walt. Wimb. Virgo 33; Holcot Wisd. 205 (v. 1a supra); Novi ‥ Testamenti et baptismalis gracie ~o fidelissimus fuit [Johannes Baptista] Uhtred Inst. xx; in acerrimum ~onem atque assertorem veritatis, divum Paulum Jewel Apol. Aiiiv (recte Aiiv).  d at praeco magni judicis / Dominus potens et fortis est Bede Hymn. 6. 22. 3 beadle, sergeant, or sim. official; b (of town or village); c (w. ref. to custodian or watchman in castle); d (in assoc. w. law-court); e (w. ref. to papal official assoc. w. administration of tithes); f (eccl.) beadle, verger. si quis ~o [MScot.: criour or serjand] in burgo domini regis falsitati consentiat aut mercedem capiat causa constitucionis ville pessundande vel minorande ‥ Leg. IV Burg. 69; 1289 ~onem, messegenarios seu gardas, et omnes alios officiales necessarios (v. messagarius); hic ~o, -nis, a bedylle WW; a bedelle, bedellus, ~o CathA.  b accersit ‥ ~onem ville Fulconem; quid facto opus sit interrogat. at ille, ‘brevis,’ inquit, ‘et insufficiens est causa pro qua captus est ‥’ Ben. Pet. Mir. Thom. IV 2 p. 174; 1254 mandatum est majori et universitati procerum S. Severi ‥ quod ‥ habeant in ‥ villa majorem et ~onem ad exequenda mandata regis quamdiu guerra ‥ duraverit RGasc I 337b; ~ones [MScot.: criouris, serjandis] in burgo eligendi sunt communiter ab omnibus burgensibus Leg. IV Burg. 71; 1276 debemus ponere ~onem sufficientem in villa cum consilio juratorum RGasc II 14b..  c Howelo ap Res prekoni prisoni Wallensi existenti in castro de Bere Rec. Wardr. 248; 1434 pro feodo ~onis, viz garitour, castri de S. ExchScot 593.  d tandem laxatus interrogatur, num ~onem suum ulterius prohiberet, quo minus homines ad curiam suam evocaret W. Malm. Wulfst. I 8; c1200 ea die vocatus fuit per ~onem, utrum esset presens nec ne . ‥ M. de E. diaconus ‥ concordat cum eo ‥ de vocacione Alani a ~one facta SelCCant 40; Lucifer precedit ortum solis. ~o prevenit adventum judicis Ad. Dore Pictor 152; 1435 episcopus fecit ‥ magistrum D. ‥ ad comparendum ad certum terminum ‥ per ~onem in valvis chori ecclesie ‥ publice vocari Reg. Brechin II 49; tunc judex faciet partem appellantem per ~onem curie, viz. apparitorem vel bedellum curie, ‥ trina vice publice preconzari [sic] Praxis 262.  e rex misit nuncios suos ad ‥ papam, supplicans humiliter ut decimas ‥ per triennium eidem concederet ‥ secundum verum valorem. ‥ papa regiis peticionibus assensum prebuit, et quia paupertatem allegavit, benigne ~onem ejus eidem concessit, unde ecclesia Anglicana valde est apporiata B. Cotton HA 141.  f precones genua persuadent flectere plebem. / levite e manibus calicis vas sume sacerdos Garl. Myst. Eccl. 390. 4 (acad.) bedel. 1427 quia ~onis officio congruit sibi commissa planius quo noverit intimare, et inter cetera linguarum eloquia ‥ Latina maxime sit communis, statutum est ut ‥ proclamaciones ‥ bedellorum ‥ solum fiant in publico sub Latino StatOx 233; 1549 magistrorum artium disputationes diebus Lune, Martis, et Mercurii fient. ‥ ~o collegia vocabit Ib. 347; ~ones aut viatores academie, vicecancellarii jussu, congregationem ‥ vocabunt Ib. 350; tres erunt ~ones seu viatores armigeri, pari loco ac munere, et unus inferioris loci bedellus Ib. 351. 5 one paid or endowed to pray for others (esp. for the souls of the dead), beadsman. 1337 in anniversario domini Watteri de Norwyc’ ‥ . in potagio dim’ bus’ frumenti ‥ . in dono precon’ ‥ . in cervisia braciata ij gr’ brasei Househ. Ac. 204; 1424 ~o civitatis ‥ pro mortuis exorandis ‥ cum campana sua solita tantum modo pulsata nunciet populo ‥ volenti interesse ad orandum pro anima mea ‥ quod tali die et hora diei missa mea funeralis Reg. Cant. II 285; 1427 lego ‥ duobus ~onibus alias bedman viij d. Ib. 351; 1502 obligant se ‥ observare ‥ diem anniversarium obitus mei ‥ dando quolibet anno ~oni mortuorum ville Oxonie iiij d. Reg. Merton I 264.

præcō, (10) ōnis, m. , crieur public, héraut : Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 8 ; per præconem vendere Cic. Nat. 3, 84, vendre à lʼencan, à la criée || panégyriste, chantre : Cic. Arch. 24.

➳ dat. arch. præconei CIL 1, 587, 2, 34.

praeco , onis. m.
傅命者。唱道。讚美者。Fortunas ejus sub praecone subjicere vel Fortunas ejus praeconi subjicere 當街賣其家資。

Suggest a Translation
See an image

praecō ōnis, m

• prae+VOC-, a crier, herald: citat praeco legatos: praetoris.—A crier, auctioneer: si palam praeco praedicasset, dimidias venire partīs: haec per pracconem vendidit, by auction: fundum subiecit praeconi, L.: Ut praeco, ad merces turbam qui cogit emendas, H.—A publisher, herald, eulogist: virtutis.

PRAECO

PRAECOa crier. Of these there were two distinct kinds--those in private employment, and those employed and paid by the state as subordinate attendants. The praecones of the former kind were (1) criers of lost goods (Plaut. Mere. 3.4, 78; Petron. 97), and (2) especially auctioneers: they were not, it is true, the chief superintendents of the auction [see AUCTIO]; but besides advertising the time, place, and conditions of sale, they also acted the part of a modern auctioneer so far as calling out the biddings and amusing the company, though the property was knocked down by the magister auctionis. (Hor. Ars. Poet. 419; Cic. ad Att. 12.4. 0; de Off, 2.23, 83.) The official praecones were those whose duty it was to attend (apparere) certain magistrates, for purposes mentioned below. We have evidence from inscriptions of a collegium with three decuriae of praecones, to attend on consuls and censors (the first, or Julian, decuria for consuls): also for curule aediles, quaestores aerarii, and tribunes (C. I. L. 6.1944, 1945, 1869, 1847; cf. Liv. 43.16; Auct. ad Herenn. 4.55, 68): perhaps also for other magistrates, since, as Mommsen remarks, their low status may account for slighter mention of them in inscriptions. They attended the same magistrates in the provinces (Cic. in Verr. 2.1. 0, 27; Liv. 45.29).

Their duties were to act in all cases required as the voice through which the magistrate on whom they attended conveyed his orders or remarks to the people: therefore (1) to summon the people to comitia or contiones (Liv. 1.59; 7.4-Z2; 24.8-Z2, &c.); (2) to proclaim silence (Auct. ad Herenn. 1. c.; Liv. 28.27, &c.); (3) to announce the bill which was to be voted on, when the scriba dictated [subicit ] the words already written down which the praeco was to announce aloud (pronuntiare: Ascon. in Cornel. 58): we often find the scribe alone mentioned as reading (Appian, App. BC 1.11), but, according to Mommsen, we are to understand that he reads through the voice of the praeco; (4) to announce the votes of different sections at an election (Cic. de Leg. agr. 2.2, 4) or the decision of the majority (Cic. pro Mil. 35, 96; Gell. 12.8, 6); (5) to summon the senators to the senate-house (Liv. 1.47; Suet. Cl. 36); (6) to make known the orders of the magistrate, the edictum being spoken out by the praeco, and so, for instance, in ordering slaves to quit the theatre or foreigners the city (Cic. de Harusp. Resp. 12, 26; Liv. 2.37). (7) In trials they summoned the accuser, the accused, and the witnesses (Suet. Tib. 11; Liv. 8.32; Cic. pro Flacc. 15, 34): they announced the conclusion of the pleadings, gave the dismissal of the judices (by the word ilicet), and ordered the executioner to do his office (Liv. 26.15). (8) At the public funeral (funus indictivum) they summoned those who were to take part with the formal words: Ollus Quiris leto datus: exsequias ire, cui commodum est, jam tempus est. Ollus ex aedibus effertur. It is clear that the praeco comes in here because it is a state funeral, by order of the senate and arranged by a quaestor or praetor. (See Fest. p. 106; Cic. de Leg. 2.2. 4; Becker-Göll, 3.496; Marquardt, Privatl. 351.)

The official dress of the praeco was marked by the angustus clavus (see Mommsen, Staatsrecht, 3.218). The praecones were of a low grade, with little education (Mart. 5.56,10), as tar as can be gathered from inscriptions, of the freedman class: and the contempt in which their office (praeconium) was held is seen not only from such passages as Juven. 3.33, 7.6-Z2(cf. κήρυξ, Theophrast. 16.10, and Jebb's note), but also from the law (Lex Julia) forbidding those who had exercised it to hold office in the municipia (Tab. Heracl. 54 = C. I. L. 1.206; Cic. ad Fam. 6.1. 8, 2). Nevertheless the office (probably the auctioneering part of it) was often very profitable, and made it possible for the praeco to become a rich man: for instances, see Mayor's note on Juven. 7.6; among them the Gallonius mentioned in Hor. Sat. 2.2, 47. (Mommsen, Staatsrecht, i.3 pp. 363-366.)

[W.S] [G.E.M]

Praeco

The Latin term for a public crier, such as those who were employed in private life, especially at auctions. Their profession was eminently lucrative, but was not considered at all respectable. Similarly those employed by the State ranked as the most insignificant of its paid servants. (See apparitores.) Their duties were to summon the meetings of the people and the Senate, to command silence, to proclaim aloud the proposals under consideration, to announce the result of the individual votes, and also the final result; in legal proceedings, to cite the parties to the case, their counsel, and witnesses, to announce the close of the proceedings, and the jury's dismissal; to invite the people to funeral feasts and to games, and to assist at public auctions and other sales, etc. Consuls, praetors, and censors had three decuries of such attendants; quaestors, and probably also tribunes and aediles, one. They also attended on extraordinary magistrates and on governors of provinces. The term praeco was also applied to an auctioneer (Hor. A. P. 419; Cic. Ad Att. xii. 40). The office of praeco was called praeconium, and was regarded with contempt ( Mart.v. 56, 10; Juv.iii. 33; vii. 6).