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πεινάω

πεινάω, to be hungry, suffer hunger, be famished

πειν-άω, forms in αε contr. into η not ᾱ (as in διψάω, cf. Phryn. 42), πεινῇς, -ῇ Ar. Eq. 1270; inf. πεινῆν Id. Nu. 441, Pl. 595, Pl. Grg. 496c; Ep. πεινήμεναι Od. 20.137 (only here in Od.): impf. ἐπείνων X. HG 6.2.15: fut. πεινήσω Hdt. 2.13, Ar. Pl. 539, X. Mem. 2.1.17; later πεινάσω [ᾱ] LXX Si. 24.21, al., Apoc. 7.16: aor. ἐπείνησα X. Cyr. 8.3.39, ἐπείνᾱσα LXX Ge. 41.55, Luc. Epigr. 50, Aesop. 62, Ps.-Callisth. 3.6: pf. πεπείνηκα Pl. R. 606a: later we find the contr. of αε into ᾱ, ἐπείνας, πεινᾷ, -ᾶν, LXX De. 25.18, Ep.Rom. 12.20, etc.: (πεῖνα):—
  • to be hungry, πεινάων, of a lion, Il. 3.25; λέοντε . . ἄμφω πεινάοντε 16.758; λέοντα . . μέγα πεινάοντα 18.162; κακῶς π. to be starved, Hdt. 2.13, 14; π. βάδην Ar. Ach. 535; thrice in Trag., πεινῶσα S. Fr. 199; πεινῶντι E. Fr. 895, Achae. 25; πεινᾶντι δὲ μηδὲ ποτένθῃς Theoc. 15.148: metaph., πεινῆν φασι τὴν γῆν Thphr. HP 8.6.2.
    • II c. gen., hunger after, σίτου δʼ οὐκέτʼ ἔφη πεινήμεναι Od. 20.137.
      • 2 metaph., hunger, crave after, χρημάτων X. Cyr. 8.3.39, etc.; ἐπαίνου Id. Oec. 13.9; simply, to be in want of, lack, πεινῶντες ἀγαθῶν Pl. R. 521a; μάλα π. συμμάχων X. Cyr. 7.5.50, etc.: later c. acc., οἱ π. καὶ διψῶντες τὴν δικαιοσύνην Ev.Matt. 5.6. [ᾱ in uncontr. forms in Hom. With this the Dor. contractions δια-πεινᾶμες (v. διαπεινάω) and πεινᾶντι Theoc. l.c., and the Att. contractions (-η- from -ηε-) agree; but πεινῶντι Dor. 3 pl. pres. ind. in X. HG 1.1.23 codd. points to -ᾰοντι.]

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