incumbo
incumbo, to lay oneself, lean, press, support oneself
they leaned against their oars
he applied himself to the war with both spirit and resources
incumbō, cubuī, cubitus, 3, n.: to lay one's self upon; lean or recline upon; (w. dat.), lie on or stretch over, 2.205; fall upon, 1.84; bend to, ply, 5.15; hasten, urge, press on, 2.653; overhang, 2.514; press or bend toward, 5.325; (w. ad and acc.), lean, hang, incline, 8.236; absolute, bend to, urge on the work, 4.397.
incumbo, cŭbŭi, cŭbĭtum, ĕre, v. n. [1. incubo], to lay one’s self upon, to lean or recline upon a thing (cf. ingruo; class., partic. in the trop. sense).
- I Lit., constr. with in, ad, super, or dat.; also with the simple acc.: olivae, Verg. E. 8, 16: in parietem, Dig. 39, 2, 28: densis ordinibus nunc alii in alios, nunc in scuta incumbentes sustinebant impetus Romanorum, Liv. 35, 5, 7: toro, Verg. A. 4, 650: materiae, Curt. 8, 10, 25: terrae, Tac. A. 2, 17: super praedam, to lie upon, Petr. 80: in eum, Curt. 6, 9: ad vos, Ov. M. 9, 385: cumulatis in aqua sarcinis insuper incumbebant, Liv. 22, 2, 8: validis incumbere remis, Verg. A. 5, 15; 10, 294; Curt. 9, 9, 4.—Of the heavens: cava in se convexitas vergit, et cardini suo, hoc est terrae, undique incumbit, Plin. 2, 64, 64, § 160: mare, to cast itself into the sea, id. 5, 32, 40, § 141: fessi arma sua, Sall. Fragm. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 9, 229: tecto incubuit bubo, perched on, Ov. M. 6, 432: gladium faciam culcitam, camque incumbam, Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 29 (307).—
- B Transf., to lean or incline towards, to overhang; to rush towards: silex prona jugo laevum incumbebat ad amnem, Verg. A. 8, 236: laurus incumbens arae, id. ib. 2, 514: in gladium, to fall on one’s sword, Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 154: gladio, Auct. Her. 1, 11, 18: ferro, Phaedr. 3, 10, 33: in hostem, to press upon the enemy, Liv. 30, 34, 2; cf.: duo duces circumstare urbem ... et unum in locum totam periculi molem, omne onus incubuisse, id. 27, 40, 6.—
- II Trop.
- A To press upon, burden, oppress, weigh upon: incubuere (venti) mari, Verg. A. 1, 84: tempestas a vertice silvis incubuit, id. G. 2, 311: gravis incumbens scopulis aestas, id. ib. 2, 377: febrium terris incubuit cohors, Hor. C. 1, 3, 30: (aestus) incubuit populo, Lucr. 6, 142. —Absol.: saevior armis Luxuria incubuit, Just. 6, 292.—
- B To bend one’s attention to, to apply or devote one’s self to, to exert one’s self, or take pains with, pay attention to; constr. with in, ad, or dat.: rogandis legibus, Flor. 3, 16: ceris et stilo, Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 9: labori, Sil. 4, 820: toto pectore novae cogitationi, Tac. Or. 3: et animo et opibus in bellum, Caes. B. G. 7, 76: ut jam inclinato (judici) reliqua incumbat oratio, press upon, exert influence on, Cic. de Or. 2, 79, 324; cf.: invidia mihi incumbit, Tac. A. 14, 54: in aliquod studium, Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 34: in causam, id. Phil. 4, 5, 12: acrius graviusque ad ulciscendas rei publicae injurias, id. ib. 6, 1, 2: tota mente in aliquam curam et cogitationem, id. Fam. 10, 3, 3: toto pectore ad laudem, id. ib. 10, 12, 2: omni cogitatione curaque in rem publicam, id. ib. 1, 2: fato urguenti incumbere, to press on, hasten, Verg. A. 2, 653.—With inf.: sarcire ruinas, Verg. G. 4, 249: delatorem pervertere, Tac. H. 2, 10.—With ut and subj.: Appius Claudius ... cum suis tum totius nobilitatis viribus incubuit, ut, etc., Liv. 10, 15, 8.— Absol.: nunc, nunc incumbere tempus, Ov. M. 10, 657.—
- C To incline, choose, be inclined to, lean towards: hoc servi esse officium reor, ... non quo incumbat eum (i. e. erum) inpellere, Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 8 (594): ut eos, qui audiunt, quocumque incubuerit, possit impellere, whithersoever he may incline, choose, Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 55: eodem incumbunt municipia, are inclined the same way, id. Phil. 6, 7, 18: ad voluntatem perferendae legis, id. Att. 1, 19, 4: voluntatum inclinatio ad virum bonum, to lean towards, turn to, id. Mur. 26, 53: in causam, Cael. ad Cic. Fam. 8, 11, 3: in cupiditatem, Cic. Att. 5, 13, 3: in illo, id. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 6.—
- D To be incumbent upon one as a duty (post-class.): accusandi necessitas domino, Dig. 48, 2, 5: ei probatio, ib. 22, 3, 2: judici omnium rerum officium, ib. 21, 1, 25.
in-cumbo, cubuī, cubitum, ere, sich auf od. an etwas legen, beugen, stemmen, I) eig.: A) im allg.: toro, Verg.: remis, Verg. u. Curt.: scutis, Liv.: cumulatis in aqua sarcinis insuper, Liv.: ad alqm, sich niederbeugen, Ov.: super alqm, Ov.: super praedam, sich über die B. legen, Petron.: ad quandam fenestram, Augustin.: in alqm, sich stemmen, anlehnen, Curt.: in gladium, Cic. u.a., od. gladio, Cornif. rhet. u. Val. Max. od. ferro, Ov., Val. Max. u.a., od. gladium, Plaut., sich in sein Schwert stürzen (so daß man sich entweder verwundet od. tötet): Aiacem suum in spongiam incubuisse, sein Ajax habe sich in den Schwamm gestürzt, d.i. sei durch den Schwamm vertilgt worden (scherzh., da Ajax sich in sein Schwert stürzte), Aug. b. Suet.: eiecto armo, Verg.: incumbunt alia (signa), andere (Statuen) haben eine sich aufstützende Stellung, Quint.: ita levis incumbat (laste) terra defuncto tibi, Carm. epigr. 197 Buecheler. – B) insbes.: 1) von Pers., a) als milit. t. t., feindl. auf jmd. usw. losdrängen, losgehen, sich werfen, suo et armorum pondere in hostem, Liv.: totis viribus nostris in Macedoniam, Liv.: sagittariis, Tac.: absol., a fronte, Tac. – b) übh. sich jmdm. entgegensetzen, sich gegen jmd. aufwerfen, jmdm. zusetzen, alci, Tac.: in alqm, Cic. u.a.; vgl. Heräus Tac. hist. 3, 10, 6. – 2) von lebl. Subjj.: a) dicht an etw. stehen, -stoßen, laurus incumbens arae, Verg.: silex incumbebat ad amnem, Verg.: in parietem, ICt.: mare, ans Meer, Plin. – b) auf od. über etw. her-, hereinstürzen, hereindringen, mit Macht eintreten, incubuit terris cohors febrium, Hor.: saevior armis luxuria incubuit, Iuven.: Pergamum incubuit sibi, stürzte zusammen, Sen.: tempestas incubuit silvis, Verg.: magna vis venti in mare incubuit, Quint.: ubi acrior per spiramenta cavernarum ventus incubuit, Iustin.: incubuere maria, haben sich hineingedrängt ins Land, Plin.: cum incubuere morbi, Solin. – II) übtr.: A) im allg., sich zu etw. hinneigen, einer Sache nachhängen, sich auf etw. legen, sich einer Sache befleißigen, etw. sich angelegen sein lassen, zu etw. drängen, idem volunt omnes ordines, eodem incumbunt municipia, coloniae, tota Italia, Cic.: huc incumbat orator, Quint.: quocumque incubuerit (orator), nach welcher Seite hin er sich müht = welchen Eindruck er nur immer hervorbringen will, Cic.: in causam, in id studium, Cic.: in Caesaris cupiditatem, sie unterstützen, Cic.: omni studio ad id bellum, Cic.: et animis et opibus in id bellum, Caes.: toto pectore novae cogitationi, Tac. dial.: ubi incubuit (nachhing) iusto mens aegro dolori, Ov.: inclinatio voluntatum incubuit ad bonum virum, Cic.: ad salutem rei publicae, Cic.: toto pectore ad laudem, Cic.: ad lenitatem etc., Cic.: ad quae recuperanda, Cic. ep.: ad parandam classem, Auct. b. Alex.: ad excidium Cremonensium, drängen zu usw., Tac.: poet., m. bl. Acc., opus, Gratt. cyn. 244: haustus Palladios, Stat. Theb. 6, 575: m. allg. Acc., haec incumbe, Cic. Planc. 45. – m. folg. Infin., Verg. georg. 4, 249. Tac. hist. 2, 10. – m. folg. bl. Coniunctiv, Liv. 10, 15, 8. – absol., si incubueris, Sen. ep. 34, 4: inc. ocius, Verg. Aen. 8, 444. – B) insbes.: 1) einer Sache vollends den Druck-, den Ausschlag geben, alci rei, Liv. 3, 16, 5: fato, befördern, beschleunigen, Verg. Aen. 2, 653. – 2) jmd. mit voller Gewalt treffen, auf jmd. schwer lasten, ut iam inclinato (sc. iudici) reliqua incumbat oratio, Cic. de or. 2, 324: invidia mihi incumbit, Tac. ann. 14, 54. – 3) jmdm. als Schuldigkeit obliegen, iudici incumbit officium, ICt.: ei incumbit probatio, ICt.: haec incumbit nobis necessitas, ut etc., Augustin. epist. 75, 13.
incumbō, (9) cŭbŭī, cŭbĭtum, ĕre, intr., ¶ 1 sʼétendre sur, sʼappuyer sur : toro Virg. En. 4, 650, sʼétendre sur un lit ; olivæ Virg. B. 8, 16 ; in scuta Liv. 35, 5, 7, sʼappuyer sur un bâton dʼolivier, sur des boucliers ; sarcinis Liv. 22, 2, 8, sʼétendre sur les bagages ; remis Virg. En. 5, 15, peser sur les rames ¶ 2 se pencher : ad aliquem Ov. M. 9, 385 ; alicui Quint. 11, 3, 132, se pencher vers qqn ; silex incumbebat ad amnem Virg. En. 8, 236, le rocher penchait vers le fleuve ; laurus incumbens aræ Virg. En. 2, 514, un laurier penché sur lʼautel || in gladium Cic. Inv. 2, 154 ; gladio Her. 1, 18, gladium Pl. Cas. 308, se jeter sur son épée ¶ 3 peser sur, sʼabattre sur : in hostem Liv. 30, 34, 2, faire pression sur lʼennemi, cf. Liv. 27, 40, 6 ; æstas incumbens scopulis ; Virg. G. 2, 377, la chaleur dʼété pesant sur les rochers ; tempestas incubuit silvis Virg. G. 2, 311, la tempête sʼest abattue sur la forêt, cf. Virg. En. 1, 84 ; Hor. O. 1, 3, 30 ¶ 4 [fig.] a) sʼappliquer à : in aliquam rem, ad aliquam rem Cic. Phil. 4, 12 ; 6, 2, etc. ; alicui rei Tac. D. 3 ; Plin. Min. Ep. 7, 27, 9 ; b) peser sur, faire pression sur [alicui, qqn] : Cic. de Or. 2, 324 ; Tac. Ann. 14, 54 ; alicui rei Liv. 3, 16, 5 ; c) se pencher, se porter vers : idem volunt omnes ordines, eodem incumbunt municipia Cic. Phil. 6, 18, cʼest là aussi ce que veulent tous les ordres de lʼÉtat, cʼest le but où tendent les municipes ; eos, qui audiant, quocumque incubuerit (orator), impellere Cic. de Or. 3, 55, pousser lʼauditeur du côté, quel quʼil soit, où il (lʼorateur) se porte lui-même, cf. Cic. Mur. 53 ; d) [avec inf.] sʼappliquer à faire qqch. : Virg. G. 4, 249 ; Tac. H. 2, 10 ; [à noter] hæc doce, hæc profer, huc incumbe decuriasse Plancium Cic. Planc. 45, montre, étale au jour, attache-toi à prouver que Plancius a formé des cabales ; [avec ut ] Cic. Fam. 10, 19, 2, se donner à la tâche de ; [abst ] Virg. En. 4, 397, se mettre au travail ¶ 5 [décad.] incomber à qqn.
- 1. zich neerleggen op, leunen op, steunen op (m. in m. acc.; dat.) [remis snel roeien];
- 2. (poët.; postklass.) zich storten in, losstormen op, afvliegen op (m. in m. acc.; dat.) [in hostes; in Graeciam; ferro in het zwaard];
- 3. (poët.; postklass.) naar binnen vallen op, storten op, indringen in (m. in m. acc.; dat.) [in litus; pelago]; ➤ tempestas silvis incumbit;
- 4. (poët.; postklass.) zich buigen naar, zich vooroverbuigen naar (m. in m. acc.; dat.; ad); ➤ laurus incumbens arae gebogen over; — staan dichtbij, grenzen aan; ➤ silex (rots) ad amnem incumbit;
- 5. (metaf.) zich toeleggen op, zich werpen op, zich wijden aan (m. ad; in m. acc.; dat.; inf.; ut) [ad salutem rei publicae; in alcis cupiditatem iems. eerzuchtige wensen ondersteunen; aratris op het ploegen; novae cogitationi];
- 6. geneigd zijn tot, neigen naar (m. dat.; ad) [ad voluntatem perferendae legis];
- 7. drukken op (m. dat.); ➤ invidia mihi incumbit (Tac.).
incumbo , is, ubui, ubitum, umbere. n. act. 3.
專務。靠。俯身。— ova 抱蛋。— centenis columnis 靠一百柱。— in ejus perniciem 謀害彼。— in gladium vel gladio 擁刃自戕。Tabernulam incumbo 挨草房居。Officio (dat.) tutoris incumbit 係保孩之分。Venti incubuere mari 海中風大作。Qui in te ipsum incubuerant 先靠汝之諸人。Vis venti in mare incubuit 風勢捲海。
Suggest a Translation
See an image
專務。靠。俯身。— ova 抱蛋。— centenis columnis 靠一百柱。— in ejus perniciem 謀害彼。— in gladium vel gladio 擁刃自戕。Tabernulam incumbo 挨草房居。Officio (dat.) tutoris incumbit 係保孩之分。Venti incubuere mari 海中風大作。Qui in te ipsum incubuerant 先靠汝之諸人。Vis venti in mare incubuit 風勢捲海。
Suggest a Translation
See an image
incumbō cubuī, cubitus, ere
- CVB-, to lay oneself, lean, press, support oneself: in scuta, L.: in gladium, fall on: toro, V.: validis incumbere remis, bend to, V.: tecto incubuit bubo, perched on, O.: ferro, fall on, O.—To lean, incline, overhang: silex incumbebat ad amnem, V.: ad vos, O.: laurus Incumbens arae, V.—In war, to press upon, throw oneself: in hostem, L.: unum in locum totam periculi molem incubuisse, L.—Fig., to press upon, settle on, burden, oppress, weigh upon: Incubuere (venti) mari, V.: tempestas silvis Incubuit, V.: febrium Terris incubuit cohors, H.—To make an effort, apply oneself, exert oneself, take pains with, pay attention to: Tum Teucri incumbunt, V.: nunc, nunc incumbere tempus, O.: huc incumbe, attend to this: et animo et opibus in id bellum, Cs.: omni studio ad bellum: acrius ad ulciscendas rei p. iniurias: ut inclinato (iudici) incumbat oratio, influence: fato urguenti, i. e. accelerate, V.: sarcire ruinas, V.: suis viribus incubuit, ut, etc., L.—To incline, choose, be inclined to, lean towards: eos, quocumque incubuerit, impellere, whithersoever he may try: eodem incumbunt municipia, are inclined: inclinatio incubuit ad virum bonum: in cupiditatem.
-
…impulit in latus ac venti, velut agmine facto, qua data porta, ruunt et terras turbine perflant. Incubuere mari, totumque a sedibus imis una Eurusque Notusque ruunt creberque procellis Africus, et vastos volvunt ad litora fluctus…
Vergil, Aeneid
-
…prato candida purpureis mixta papaveribus. quae modo decerpens tenero pueriliter ungui proposito florem praetulit officio, et modo formosis incumbens nescius undis errorem blandis tardat imaginibus. tandem haurire parat demissis flumina palmis innixus dextro plena trahens umero. cuius…
Propertius, Elegies
-
…versus. constitueram ut v Idus aut Aquini manerem aut in Arcano. nunc, mi Attice, tota mente incumbe in hanc curam ; magna enim res est. tria sunt autem, maneamne Arpini an propius accedam an veniam…
Cicero, Epistulae ad Atticum
-
…suffragia largitione devincta severitatem senatus et bonorum omnium vim ac dolorem excitarent. haec doce, haec profer, huc incumbe, Laterensis, decuriasse Plancium, conscripsisse, sequestrem fuisse, pronuntiasse, divisisse ; tum mirabor te eis armis…
Cicero, pro Plancio
-
…oppresserit, potius quam et illi et nos una rei publicae peste pereamus. qua re, patres conscripti, incumbite ad salutem rei publicae, circumspicite omnis procellas quae impendent nisi providetis. non Ti. Gracchus quod iterum tribunus…
Cicero, in Catilinam
-
…duce senatu, comitante Italia, promulgantibus omnibus magistratibus, te ferente consule, comitiis centuriatis, cunctis ordinibus hominibus incumbentibus, omnibus denique suis viribus reciperavisset. neque vero ego mihi postea quicquam adsumpsi neque hodie adsumo, quod quemquam…
Cicero, Epistulae ad Familiares
-
…offendit. fuit hoc sive meum sive rei publicae fatum, ut in me unum omnis illa inclinatio communium temporum incumberet. non modo non exsultavit in ruinis nostris vestrisque sordibus Cornelius, sed omni officio, lacrimis, opera ,…
Cicero, pro Balbo
-
…tibi ex tuorum litteris quam ex meis esse nota. te tamen hortor ut omni cura in rem p. incumbas. hoc est animi, hoc est ingeni tui, hoc eius spei quam habere debes amplificandae dignitatis tuae .…
Cicero, Epistulae ad Familiares
-
…a. . CICERO ATTICO SAL. de meo itinere variae sententiae ; multi enim ad me. sed tu incumbe, quaeso, in eam curam. magna res est. an probas, si ad Kal. Ian .…
Cicero, Epistulae ad Atticum
-
…studiis bonorum, auctoritate, multitudine comparata rem confici, des operam ut uno impetu perfringantur, in eam rem incumbas ceterosque excites. sin, ut ego perspicio cum tua coniectura tum etiam mea, spei nihil est, oro…
Cicero, Epistulae ad Atticum